Destalinization :: Russian Russia History

DestalinizationPolitics has always been about image. A good image leads to power, its that simple. Sometimes it is hard to draw the line between a leader who is genuinely interested in improving the lives of his people and one that is interested in filling a few more than pages of the already displace History book. A good example of this is the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in its transition time between 1953 and 1964. The tyrannical rule of Joseph Stalin in the USSR was at last over, and the nation sought a new leader after nearly a decade, one man, Nikita Khrushchev, rose up from the ranks with new ideas for the nation, and an extreme anti-Stalin campaign. But was he truly enraged at the way Stalin govern or was he using this image in an attempt to capture the same power as his predecessor? The link between the two leaders goes back many years, to nearly the beginning of the communist annexation of Russia. Even today, we find ourselves asking if the politicians we voting for say they will make a reform to actually help the people, or if they say it as an empty promise in a stratagem to get elected or to gain power. Was Nikita Khrushchev a man for the people, or was he simply a puppet with motives unseen to the people that pulled his strings?Joseph Stalin ruled the USSR from 1929 until his death in 1953. His rule was one of tyranny, and great change from the society that his predecessor, Lenin, had envisioned (Seton, 34). Stalin put into effect two self proclaimed five-year plans over the draw of his rule. Both were very similar in that they were intended to improve production in the nation. The first of these plans began collectivization, in which harvests and industrial products were seized by the establishment and distributed as needed. The government eliminated most private businesses and the state became the leader in commerce. Stalin also initiated a process called Russification. (Great Events, 119)Through this program, he ruled the minority nations of the USSR such as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan more strictly. This policy of expansion also helped Stalin seize a large portion of Poland, and it was done under the guise that it was to enrich the nation. Stalin established a secret law force which was unyielding and went about its business with an iron fist, bringing down dissenters, revolutionaries, and those that cheated in collectivization.

Economics, Winning Bolivias Drug War :: essays research papers

Economics is Winning Bolivias Drug War A 1998 article from the stabbing(a) York clock reported that Bolivia was winning its fight against drugs as a result of two factors that influence the market for coca plant plant, which isused to make cocaine. First, Bolivian soldiers raided a number of coca plantations anddestroyed the work ons. Second, Colombians began growing more than of their own coca and, as aresult, now buy less from Bolivia than in the past. I am proposing that the basic principlesof supply and demand are what helped to crystalize the drug problem. The followingparagraphs leave support my argument. Figure 1 shows the supply and demand sprains before and after the changesoccurred in Bolivia. As you can see, after the coca plantations were raided, the supply ofcocaine was cut short, thus shifting the supply curve to the left. Also, because Colombiansbegan growing their own coca, demand decreased for the cocaine from Bolivia, shiftingthe demand curve to the left a lso. To sum up, supply decreased from S to S1, because ofthe raids, and demand decreased from D to D1 because Colombians began to grow theirown coca and didnt need to rely as much on Bolivia. The diagram clearly shows that thequantity sold at P* decreased from Q* to Q** due to these two changes. fit to the article in the New York Times, the Bolivian government hopesthese changes in the coca market will motivate coca growers to switch to a substitute cropsuch as pineapple. This is a possibility if the price of coca falls. If the price of coca falls,supply will also decrease because it wont be as profitable to upraise coca as it was before.The falling price would then trigger farmers to switch to another crop such as pineapple. The Bolivian government, hoping to perish the cocaine problem, indirectlyturned to economics for a solution. That solution is a simple tale of cutting supply in a commission that leads to a decrease in demand. That decrease came because Colombians couldntget the supply they wanted at the price they wanted to pay so they grew their own andhelped eliminate coca growth deep down Bolivia. They can further solve the problem byperhaps raising the price paid for other crops so farmers will switch from growing coca togrowing something else for a bigger profit. Although farms in other South American countries grow acres and acres of cocaplants, the raw material from which cocaine is made, today, capital of South Carolina is the leadingEconomics, Winning Bolivias Drug War essays research papersEconomics is Winning Bolivias Drug War A 1998 article from the New York Times reported that Bolivia was winning itswar against drugs as a result of two factors that influence the market for coca, which isused to make cocaine. First, Bolivian soldiers raided a number of coca plantations anddestroyed the crops. Second, Colombians began growing more of their own coca and, as aresult, now buy less from Bolivia than in the past. I am proposing that the basi c principlesof supply and demand are what helped to solve the drug problem. The followingparagraphs will support my argument. Figure 1 shows the supply and demand curves before and after the changesoccurred in Bolivia. As you can see, after the coca plantations were raided, the supply ofcocaine was cut short, thus shifting the supply curve to the left. Also, because Colombiansbegan growing their own coca, demand decreased for the cocaine from Bolivia, shiftingthe demand curve to the left also. To sum up, supply decreased from S to S1, because ofthe raids, and demand decreased from D to D1 because Colombians began to grow theirown coca and didnt need to rely as much on Bolivia. The diagram clearly shows that thequantity sold at P* decreased from Q* to Q** due to these two changes. According to the article in the New York Times, the Bolivian government hopesthese changes in the coca market will motivate coca growers to switch to a substitute cropsuch as pineapple. This is a possibilit y if the price of coca falls. If the price of coca falls,supply will also decrease because it wont be as profitable to farm coca as it was before.The falling price would then trigger farmers to switch to another crop such as pineapple. The Bolivian government, hoping to eliminate the cocaine problem, indirectlyturned to economics for a solution. That solution is a simple tale of cutting supply in away that leads to a decrease in demand. That decrease came because Colombians couldntget the supply they wanted at the price they wanted to pay so they grew their own andhelped eliminate coca growth within Bolivia. They can further solve the problem byperhaps raising the price paid for other crops so farmers will switch from growing coca togrowing something else for a bigger profit. Although farms in other South American countries grow acres and acres of cocaplants, the raw material from which cocaine is made, today, Columbia is the leading

Conjectures and Refutations by Sir Karl Popper :: Science Sir Karl Popper Scientists Essays

Conjectures and Refutations by Sir Karl PopperIn a broad sense science is a systematic quest for knowledge. With this working definition in mind unity can see that many areas of human endeavors could qualify as science. Therefore, Popper attempts to produce a point of demarcation between science and psuedo-science. Is there a measurement for the scientific character or status of theory.(1) The some widely accepted answer to this problem Popper dictates is induction and experimental method. At this point I find it necessary to define these two terms. One, the idea of induction as it is used in this context is the process of deriving general principles from particular facts or instances.(2) Two, the data-based method is basing an idea on observation or experiment or an idea guided by practical experience and not by theory.(3) The most notable contributor to modern thinking about these two concepts was John Stuart Mill. Mill formulated proofs that he believed to characterize empi rical science in his transcription of Logic (1843).(4) Popper believes that these two things alone cannot differentiate between science and psuedo-science. He emphasized the hypothetico-deductive character of science.(5) Whereby scientific theories are hypothesized and statements from them can be tested. If experimentation falsifies these statements so they are refuted. However, if the statements survive experimentation then and only then can they be tentatively accepted. No theory, however well tested can be conclusively established. Popper further goes on to say that every attempt to test a theory is an attempt to falsify it. Testability is Falsifiability. At a convention of the Aristotelean Society at Oxford in 1936 Popper gave his hypothesis which was to become world famous -- what we call scientific knowledge is hypothetical, and often not true, let alone sure enough or probably true.(7) Theories are never really confirmed by experiment, they can only survive from one test to another, remaining security to possible disproof tomorrow. For the first part of Poppers argument I must adamantly agree. Science is a continual process through which induction and empirical method play a major part, Nonetheless, if a theory is to be scientific it must be able to be tested. It must have this share of Falsifiability If we do not continually test ourselves and strive for reaffirmation we risk falling in to a pit of conjecture and I would further say that any theory that cannot be falsified by either present means or by proposed means cannot be a scientific one.