Fire investigation Essay Example for Free

Fire investigation Essay The triangle shirtwaist factory fire may have been cause by various flammable materials. The flammable materials that I could identify from the text that I was given were the lines of hanging patterns, the discarded rags on the floor and cutting tables, the shirts that have already been made, the table because they were probably made from wood and maybe the ceiling, walls and floor because that may have a material or something else flammable. The possible sources of ignition for the triangle shirtwaist factory fire could have been some faulty cables from the sewing machines causing the wires to rub together causing friction meaning that the cables would get hot and therefore this could be one ignition source. Another source could be gas lighters because in those days people were allowed to smoke in the work place. A gas lighter is not like a lighter nowadays because when it was alight it would not go out unless you put the cap over it unlike the lighter nowadays if you let go/ drop it the button comes back up instantly. Therefore, the gas lighter could have been a source of ignition if it was dropped. Another source of ignition could have been a cigarette. If it was not put out properly and was dropped, it could start the fire. Lastly, candles may have caused the fire because back in those days there would have been candles on each workbench so that the workers could see what they were doing because there were no lights back then. Due to there being candles around if one was knocked/ dropped it could have fell onto the rags on the floor causing the fire to start. Investigation of Liquid Combustion Introduction In this experiment, we will find out why some liquids burn at certain temperatures. Risk assessment Due to the fact that we are dealing with fire, long hair must be tried back goggles warn and lab coats on. There was also a risk of that somebody could bur themselves or set alight an object. In addition, if we were to pick up a hot crucible without gloves we must use appropriate equipment so that we do not burn our hands. Materials Crucible Heat proof mat Bunson Burner Tongs Splint String 1cm3 of kerosene 1cm3 of petroleum spirit. Method Petroleum (1cm3) was placed into a crucible and was then ignited using a lighted split. Once we lighted the petroleum and it had a burned we then poured 1cm3 of kerosene and attempted to ignite it using a lighted splint. After you have tried to light the kerosene with just a lighted splint place about 2-3 cm length of string into the crucible so that it is partly dipping into the liquid. Note the appearance how the kerosene lit. Results Petrol- The flame was quite tall and was yellow. The petrol ignited very quickly and there was soot around the edges of the crucible. When the petrol have burned the flame go smaller until it went out by itself. Kerosene- The Kerosene did not light so therefore there was no flame. Kerosene with string- The string slowly burnt away until it reached the crucible with the kerosene in which then ignited. It burnt with a tall, large yellow flame and left a lot of soot in the crucible when it had all burnt. Evaluation The experiments purpose was to investigate why certain liquids burn at different temperatures. By burning the petrol it showed us that it had, a low flash point so would ignite and burn easily. The kerosene by it selves did not burn meaning it have a high flash point, meaning it needs high temperatures to ignite and burn. Both the petrol and kerosene produced soot showing full combustion. Conclusion In conclusion, the petrol was the easiest ignite and could start a fire very easily while the kerosene did not light with just a lighted splint. It has a high flash temperature that why it is used as aeroplane fuel. Investigation of flames Introduction In this experiment we will be investigating how long it takes for a piece of paper to burn when lit from the top corner and the bottom corner. Risk Assessment Due to the fact that we are dealing with fire, long hair must be tried back goggles warn and lab coats on. There was also a risk of that somebody could burn themselves or set alight an object. Materials 2 sheets of A4 paper Heat proof mat Stands and Clamps Bunson Burner Splint Timer 2 sheets of A4 paper Method First we attached the clamps to the stands, and then attached a piece of A4 paper. We then lit the top of the short edge in the middle. It was then timed how long the piece of paper took to burn away completely and the time recorded. The experiment was then repeated with another piece of paper but lit at the bottom edge. Again it was timed until the paper was completely burned away and the time recorded. The Results `1st Paper: It started to burn instantly and spread downwards. The paper then dropped out of the clamps and fell to the table but it was not all burnt. After a while it all burnt out at 2 minutes and 11 seconds. 2nd Paper:. : It started to burn instantly and spread downwards. The paper then dropped out of the clamps and fell to the table but it was not all burnt. After a while it all burnt out at 23. 43 seconds.

IDS compares Essay Example for Free

IDS compares Essay These techniques usually base their performance on two detection paradigms as the main attacks in spite of whether they are network or hot based architecture. Some of these models are the misuse detection models and anomaly detection models. The misuse detection model, the IDS compares the new sequences of the parameters in the input. The application matches the commands of the HTTP protocol where a database of signatures which signify the attacks that have been identified and classified before is known (Aquino et al, 2008). This model revises and improves the disruptive commands when it experiences attacks. The misuse detection model is not the best model to be used and it’s used as an alternative for efficiency in the medium. It can be lead to the new variations of the attacks experienced before to elude the network security. The anomaly detection model detects interruption by searching abnormal network traffic. It detects deviation by finding patterns on data from internet (Aquino et al, 2008). Example The testing of multilayer feed forward network can be done using two layers which are hidden and have15 neurons each and a 5 output neurons for a 5 possible attacks. The network is then equipped with a flexible transmission algorithm with the neurons being sigmoid. After being trained with a dataset of 70 % it reaches a predictable error target of 0. 015 upon completion of the training sequence. When choosing the number of neurons per hidden layer, the calculation is done by subtracting the number of neurons in the output layer from the number of inputs in the system (Aquino et al, 2008). Advantages and Disadvantages Voip protocol is a security system which is designed in such a way that it optimizes the communication of aural by the use of internet (Millions, 2008). Comparing Voip (Voice over Internet Protocol) to other security protocols, there are a number of advantages which makes Voip remain the choice of many in the present world. Therefore, Voice over Internet Protocol is efficient when it comes to their cost. Voip uses public switched telephone network. The IPSec secures the low level system packets in order for the system of computers to be protected over insecure channels which are inclusive of internet and hire lines. Voip can easily add more lines whereas the other protocols cannot. It is hard to break into the safety of the system especially when there is encryption. Once there is power failure phones can still be used (Millions, 2008). Disadvantages There is occurrence of inconveniences in the structure once there is a large torrent of information being transferred in Voip. There is also a possibility of jitter data transfer conundrum occurrence in the system if the right precautions are not taken. Due to difficulty in the relocation of information, this can result to low overhaul superiority. Therefore, this can result into failure of the voice for the final consumers (Millions, 2008). Cryptanalysis Report Organizations are faced with the problem of receiving encrypted messages from their clients. In order to support the clients, organizations need to understand how to decrypt the encrypted messages. In most cases, the management of the organization and the clients usually use a single-key also known as the private-key in the encryption and the decryption of the messages. This kind of encryption is known as symmetrical encryption and is widely used by many people. The original message is usually referred to as a plaintext while the encrypted message is referred to as a ciphertext (Brown, 2007, p. 4). In symmetric algorithm, the same key is used for both the encryption and the decryption process (Vajda, 2003, p.3). The algorithm that the sender uses for changing the plaintext to a ciphertext is known as cipher. Since Charles Smith, a full-time associate in McKay IT service went on a business trip without carrying the logbook of the security protocols, there is need of using the process of cryptanalysis. This is method of code breaking the ciphertext without the use of the private key (Brown, 2007, p. 4). The process by which an original message is encrypted is shown by the formula E (M) = C. in which E is the function of encryption, M is the message and C is the Ciphertext. For decrypting the ciphertext, the receiver needs to use the formula D (C) = M so as to get the original message. In which D is the function of decryption, C is the Ciphertext and M is the original message (Vajda, 2003, p. 1). The algorithms of encryption and decryption use the private key known to the sender and the receiver only. Therefore, the proper formula to use in both the encryption and decryption process is C = EK (M) and M = DK (C) in which K is the private Key (Vajda, 2003, p. 1). Cryptanalytic attacks occur when a person attempts a cryptanalysis of a ciphertext (Vajda, 2003, p. 3). There are different types of cryptanalytic attacks from the sender. But for the purpose of this study, the ciphertext only attack will be used. This is because Charles and I as the consultant only know the ciphertext (Brown, 2007, p. 9). A person can use brute force search in the process of cryptanalysis by trying all possible keys (Brown, 2007, p. 11). Plaintext letter are usually substituted by number, symbols or even other letter to form the ciphertext. In this case, ciphertext that have been sent by the client has been replaced by other letters as shown For an effective cryptanalysis, one needs to know the type of cipher that was used. One should also measure the complexity of the attack to ensure effective cryptanalysis such as complexity of the data. Complexity of the data is the data amount that needs to be decrypted. The complexity of the process also needs to be measured such as the time needed for performing the attack. Lastly, one needs to have enough storage memory for the performing the attack (Vajda, 2003, p. 6). In ciphertext only attacks, given that C1 = Ek (P1) and Ci = Ek (Pi). In deducing P1 and Pi, Ci + 1 = Ek (Pi + 1). In cases, where the ciphertext only is available, it is hard to recover the plaintext. Therefore one can use the cryptanalysis of the Caesar cipher by trying the possible 25 shifts of keys in order to substitute the letters in the ciphertext to get the plaintext (Brown, 2007). One way of avoiding the cryptanalysis is by ensuring that the private key is only known to the sender and the receiver of the message. People should also ensure that while sending the encrypted, they give the sender the hint of the key used. Conclusion Appropriate models of computer security protocols have been proposed all through the discussion. Attacks in the system security protocols can be detected by the use of different models. These models include the misuse detection models and anomaly detection models. The attacks that influence the protocols lead to delays in the security system. Services can be denied through a brute force attack on the server processing speed or the band width. If the security qualification of the server has part of it as authentication value, then the computation is necessary in response to every qualification request which is valid. References Alarcon-Aquino, V. , Mejia Sanchez, J. A. , Rosas-Romero, R. , Ramirez-Cruz, J. F. (2005). Detecting and Classifying Attacks in Computer Networks Using Feed-forward and Elman Neural Networks. Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Computer Network Defense, EC2ND 2005. Wales, UK: Springer Verlag. Aquino, V. A. , Clavel C. A. , Asomoza J. R, Starostenko, O. , Romero, R. R. (2008). Intrusion detection and Classification of attacks in High-Level Network protocols Using Recurrent Neural Networks. Retrieved December 18, 2008, from http://www.articleworld.org/Technology

Movie Analysis Of Braveheart Film Studies Essay

Movie Analysis Of Braveheart Film Studies Essay Some movies have big war scenes with huge musical scores to reflect the big action. One of these film is Braveheart. William Wallace, played by Mel Gibson, is the central character and hero of the movie. He is the motivator of men. He is a leader of men. He rallies his Scottish countrymen to his belief that the English had to be fought and Scotland had to be independent. This film has some huge battle scenes of men fighting hand to hand combat. These scenes are so realistic and dramatic for me to observe to give me a feel of this era of history when war was fought man-to-man. William Wallace is a courageous and heroic figure in this film. He is the one who believes in an independent Scotland and desires to remain free from the English influences from the south. He wants the Scottish to retain their own ways, their own beliefs, and their own cultural traditions separate from the English as long as possible. This movie was suspenseful, dramatic, and entertaining for me from start to fi nish because of my respect for the central character and hero, William Wallace, as well as the great musical score to reflect the themes, characters, and plot lines more powerfully. The music for this film is essentially designed to reflect the characters and the plot line. The long warring history of England and Scotland is an important part of the background story to this film. Some of the subtitle text provides insights into this era of time and the background of the relationship between the two peoples and the two kingdoms. The Scottish and English have never really been at peace with each other over the political authority over the territories that comprise Scotland. Even today, there could be debates and disputes found in the pubs in Scotland and England over exactly what the nature of their past relationship is and how it affects their current political relationship. This film provides a living history lesson to that past time period when the Scottish and English warriors fought it out over respect, integrity, and the willingness to lay everything on the line for freedom, independence, and separation from each other. The musical score reflects these theme s as the heroic music is felt when Wallace and the Scots are doing their thing, and the tension and oppression of the English is felt when they are present and especially when they are winning the battles. The Scottish spirit and temperament of this older time period is clearly represented in the films hero, William Wallace. The music attempts to amplify and magnify his heroic qualities. He is played by famous action hero actor, Mel Gibson, who provides this character with relentless, courageous energy and emotion from start to finish. William Wallace is able to lead his Scottish men into battle with exceptional courage and leadership capabilities. Wallace knows how to give his warriors a serious motivational speech before these battles where the Scottish usually are underdog and at much lower odds to win against the usually superior English in regards to military manpower and military weaponry. Wallace is always fighting undermanned and with less weaponry than his English opponents. Yet, at the same instant, Wallace is fighting with his men for higher, spiritual causes and reasons that put their English opponents often at the actual disadvantage. This motivation and spiritual upliftin g energy personified in this central character, William Wallace, is the driving force behind the films plot and battle scenes. The musical flourishes are always important. The music dominates the action. The music is suppose to make us in the audience feel the action. Wallace makes his men and himself believe that they are capable of taking on any opponents force of any size and greatness and defeating that opponent because of their brave hearts. Thus, the music indeed reflects the central theme in this film about English-Scottish history and their long legacy of fighting and warfare that the men with the braver hearts usually won over the men with the better weapons and greater numbers. Because the combat was face-to-face, hand-to-hand, the men with the braver hearts would ultimately achieve victory. The heroic traits of these men are clearly reflected in the intense musical score. William Wallace was aware of thus all important factor of the brave heart when motivating his warriors to fight it out with a more powerful foe. Wallace understands that the brave hearted men in his Scottish forces are going to out fight and out last the English soldiers and warriors as the battles drag on. Wallace knows this is a war that has to be won on the spiritual level first and foremost to be able to achieve victory on the battlefields. This is war that needs to be taken to the next level spiritually and idealistically so Wallace can motiv ate his Scottish men to believe in themselves no matter how bad it gets and now matter how close defeat approaches. This is a war that William Wallace believes that the Scottish have to will themselves to victory through their brave hearts. Thus, the musical score in this film was very important for understanding the central character, William Wallace, and his range of emotions from high to low, from good to bad, and how he was always trying to bring out the best in his men. He is able to be the person who can really be a hero and the musical score was able to reflect these heroic qualities, especially the music during the battle scenes. Film No. 2 Babel The music is exotic in this film because of the fact that the central characters in this film are in four different places and settings simultaneously. One of the central characters is Richard. He is the wealthy white American man who has taken his wife to Morocco to save their marriage. Another central character is Richards nanny, Amelia, who is charge of the two children back in San Diego. A third central character is Chieko in Tokyo, Japan whose father is the one who originally gave the hunting rifle to a hunting guide during a Morocco hunting trip in the past. A fourth set of central characters are the two brothers, Ahmed and Yussuf, who are sons of a goat herder in charge of the goats and shooting jackals with the gun their father Abdulla purchased from Hassan the hunting guide for a good price. These central characters are all in motion at four different places and settings simultaneously. The director does an excellent job in painting the musical score the right way for this p lot line, the character development, and the overall mood of the film. The Morocco setting to start the film offers some traditional music from this region that really does bring an exotic mood to the opening. The two young brothers, Ahmed and Yussuf, are really doing what kids do when given the responsibility of a loaded gun. These young brothers begin daring each other to try shooting things with it besides the intended jackals as their father desired. The two brothers begin shooting at targets to test the gun. Ahmed then turns and shoots at a passing car down on the mountain road. Yussuf, who is a much better shot, takes the gun and shoots at a tour bus coming down the same mountain road in the distance. The boys dont think nothing happened at first, but then the bus slows to a stop. The boys take off running as fast as they can and become worried sick about the accident. They know that someone was probably injured or killed by the gun shot fired by Yussuf who had a good aim too. And they hide the information from their father Abdulla at first becaus e of the great fear of getting caught. This secret becomes even more significant when Abdulla at dinner reveals that an American tourist had been shot on a tour bus in their area. This is something that strikes great fear in the hearts of these two young brothers. In turn, they want to make sure they dont get caught for it. These decisions are typical of two young brothers who look out for each others back. Yet, when the police investigator comes up the driveway when their father is not around, the boys lie about the location to buy more time for themselves and to permit them the opportunity to tell their father. This tell-all to the father becomes a bad time for the brothers as they fight, turn on each other, and become bitterly mad at each other. The father fears their safety and decides to flee with them and the rifle. The music in the sequence featuring the father and two brothers is very moody and exotic in quality because they are mountain dwellers who live very simple lives. Yet, they are suddenly wrapped up in this awful tragedy. The traumatic sequence in the film featuring Richard is something that is suspenseful, tense, and tragic in tone and implication because of the musical score accompanying his presence in the story line. The continuous fear in him that his wife will die from the gun shot wound to her neck without any proper medical aid on this village mountain top in Morocco. Richards character goes through so many different kinds of emotions during his ordeal waiting for the medical helicopter. He has to forge trusting relations with Moroccan villagers, including the village healer, as well as relationships with his fellow bus passengers for a time period to try to get them to see his predicament and his tragedy from his shoes. Richard is a master at getting people to feel like he does and have empathy for his position in this ordeal. The character of Richard teaches us in the film audience the terrifying situation of being face to face with a tragic loss of a loved one. At many points, Richards wife seems ready to die. This constant on the edge of his seat about her death makes him reflect on many things in his life. He becomes a different kind of man than he was before this shooting incident occurred. The music is tense, moody, and changing all the time during this back and forth situation with Richard and his injured wife. The villagers are trying to help them but they dont have the medical technology necessary to save her. The music becomes sorrowful as Richard faces the reality of her impending death coming soon. The central character of Amelia, Richards hired nanny, is another intriguing person for us in the film audience in relation to music and her character development because of her risks and boldness of personality to take Richards children without his permission to her sons wedding in Mexico. She will not miss her sons wedding no matter what she has to do. These white children are very reluctant to go to Mexico. They are socialized to fear Mexicans and Mexico itself. However, in the sequences of the wedding and wedding celebration, these two white children become happier and more relaxed the more fun they start having with the Mexican children their same age. The music in this sequence of the film is very important and it reflects the good time everyone is having. This is probably the most important musical section in the film. Film No. 3 The Color Purple In watching this film, The Color Purple, my awareness and knowledge of the struggle of the African American people in the Deep South earlier this century was increased significantly. This films sets, background scenery, music, and characters were all arranged to bring the most dramatic effect on us in the audience. The excellent performance of the actors and actresses was critical to understanding the plot and action, but the musical score provides the emotions and pain felt by these characters. The protagonist, Celie, is a poor woman with little education who at age fourteen is sexually abused and impregnated by her own father, Alphonso. After she is moved out of her family home, she is forced to marry this widower with several children. This husband is called Mister throughout the play. Celie has to deal with physical abuse from him as well. This play is about Celies development from a naà ¯ve, uneducated woman to a courageous, individual woman who stands up for herself. This musical score in the early part of the film is a tragic one which gives us a feeling about Celies character. She is facing such awful things and her life is affected by it. The music becomes stronger as Celie learns to stand up for herself and become a stronger person because of two strong women, Sofia and Shug Avery. These two women prove to Celie that she as a woman must sometimes stand up for herself. For example, in one scene, Sofia, who is Harpos wife, is fighting back with Harpo. This display of courage and strength by Sofia impresses Celie. In another scene, Shug demonstrates her courage to speak her mind and convey to Celie that a woman can be an independent, fearless creature when wanting to be. In this film, Celie learns from Sofia and Shug how to be an adult woman. Sofia provides the toughness and courage displays against her husband Harpo that impress Celie and make her recognize her need to be more like her. Shug ends up becoming Celies lover who shows her the joys and pleasures of enjoyable sex between two women which is the opposite kind of sex from what she gets from her husband called Mister. Shug is actually Misters mistress who comes to live in the household because of poor health. Even though at first Shug is very mean and aggressive towards Celie, the two women began to have a sexual attraction for one another. Furthermore, Shug remains in the household to help protect Celie from Misters physical abuse. This friendship blossoms into a love relationship which is a central part of the whole play. Celie and Shug are doing the unthinkable for two women living in the same household supposedly both lovers of Mister. These two women are having a lesbian love affair right under the nose of Mister. The musical score during their sexual moments and love moments is very important in the development of Celies character as she learns to really care about someone else, Shug. This is a dramatic part of the play because of the forbidden nature of it. I thought the performances of the two actresses for this key scene in the film when the friendship turns into a love affair was excellent. I was on the edge of my seat wondering what was going on. Yet, in a sense, this is what a great film is all about and the music fit the scene perfectly. Celie and Shug have crossed a forbidden line in Misters household. He has no conception that these two women would be doing this behind his back. He doesnt have a clue but us in the audience know exactly what is going on. Music plays an important part in this film in developing the realtionships among the characters. One of the more important relationships for Celie that doesnt emerge until the end of the play is with her sister Nettie. Celie has long thought that Nettie may be dead since she never received any letters from her. Celie is introduced to lost letters from Nettie to find out that her sister isnt dead but has traveled to Africa with some missionaries and returned. This discovery empowers Celie to think that her sister was alive the whole time. The musical interludes are very important to show the hopeful mood of Celie. The empowerment from getting to know herself also has something to do with her confronting her abusive husband and telling him off for the years of abuse she endured. At the end of the film, Celie feels her empowerment and independence as a woman. She has the courage to move to Tennessee with Shug Avery and another woman to begin a profitable business sewing tailored pants. Upon her return to Georgia, she has inherited a lot of land from her stepfather and her husband, Mister, has reformed his ways. In the very end, everything comes to right order and Nettie and Celie are reunited. The music plays out in a happy manner and the film brings these two sisters back together in a happy reunion. This is an interesting film experience for me because it makes me understand the hardships and struggle of the poor black women of the earlier part of this century in the Deep South. Celie, the protagonist, was an interesting character who had to endure so much pain and so man problems in her life as an African American woman. Although she finds her own identity and empowers herself through her following the two role models of Sofia and Shug, the pain is evident in most of her situations. The musical score was very important for her character development.

The Adults Are Always Right? :: essays research papers

The Adults Are Always Right? "Clean your room! Don't do that! Stop watching that stupid television, don't you have a book to read? Didn't I tell you to clean your room, do you want to be a slob when you grow up? Go to school, don't you have school today? When I was a kid . . ." Welcome to the lives of almost every teenager in North America. To most parents, when the above words are spoken, they expect to see their teen rush at the opportunity to serve them. The above words mean something to them and they think it means something to us teens. They don't understand that the words go in through one ear and out through the other. Does a German understand the words of an Italian? No! Does a Chinese man understand the words of a Greek man? No! The reason, they are two completely different languages. Now although parents and their kids speak the same language, parents don't understand that we tune out of English when we want. If we know something is going to be asked of us and we don't want to do it, we turn our brains into "Nag Mode." To define Nag Mode, is simple. Every syllable that comes out of the mouth of an adult is heard as ‘ nag.' For example: Adults say: "clean your room! ." Kids hear: "nag nag nag!" Adults say: "Stop watching television." Kids hear: "nag nag nag nag nag nag nag." They think of us as being lazy, and irresponsible, selfish and useless. Some adults quiver when they hear how we will one day run this world. What makes us lazy, the fact that we watch an hour of television after a hard day at school, before eating dinner and doing our homework? Why are we irresponsible, because we don't have time to walk the dog due to us studying for our upcoming exam? We're selfish because we want peace and quite for when we study? And useless because we can't run any errands for them when we're taking that one hour out of our day to relax. They do, do a lot and I respect them and all, but give us some credit for a change. Is it our fault that almost every house has at least one television bigger than 22" and that basic cable comes with at least thirty channels? They keep telling us their stories about when they were kids, and it always has to do with something we can't help. "When I was a kid we had a 13" black and white television,

Minimum Wage Isnt A Living Wage :: Minimum Wage Essays

Reasons for Minimum Wage Worker’s Tough Lives In 1938, federal minimum wage legislation became effective for the first time when the Fair Labor Standards Act passed (Sidey 573). After sixty-seven years, today, the minimum wage, which was originally set to make sure that working people could support themselves and their family, increased twenty times (Sidey 573). Nevertheless, the low-wage workers have never gotten rid of the hardship in their lives. Two main reasons cause the current situation. The increasing renting prices and the increasing rate of health care, which exceeds low-wage workers’ real income by quite a lot, make their lives tough all the time. Minimum wage, the smallest amount of money per hour that an employer may legally pay a worker, became a part of state law in Massachusetts in 1912 (Sidey 573). After 14 other states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico set similar laws in America, the first federal minimum wage legislation became valid. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 â€Å"firmly established the federal government as a regulator of wages in the United States by establishing a minimum hourly wage for all employees engaged in interstate commerce or in the production of goods for interstate commerce† (Huckshorn 167). Based on 2004’s Current Population Survey of America, today two million workers earn at or below minimum wage out of 73.9 million American workers who are paid at hourly rates (Characteristics). In 1996, the minimum wage raised to $5.15 per hour. Some people argue that this federal legislation helped low-wage workers a lot. Nevertheless, low-wage people are still suffering from hardship because of the big gap between their incomes and expenditures. In 1998, the minimum-wage was â€Å"$2,500 below the poverty line for a three-person family† if a worker works 40 hours a week without vacations (Rothman). The minimum wage should be $6.24 to maintain the same average purchasing power in 1998 as â€Å"it averaged in the 1970s† (Rothman). Up until 2005, in California, nearly 16 percent of Californian low-paid workers live below the poverty line according to a study of State Industrial Welfare Commission of California (Garcoa). These figures and examples denied the argument that this federal legislation helped low-wage workers’ lives. Two main reasons cause the big gap between minimum-workers’ real income and basic living requirements, the persistent increasing of the rental price and health premiums. The first reason for hardship concerns the high rental prices in America

Essay on Eating Disorder - Bulimia, the Destruction of Self :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Bulimia - The Destruction of Self Bulimia nervosa, more commonly known simply as bulimia or binge and purge disorder, is an eating disorder that affects 1 in 4 college-aged women in America, or 1 in 10,000 Americans. The most common misconception concerning bulimia is that it is simply a physical or mental problem. Many people do not understand that bulimia is a disease that affects both the mind and the body, and in its course can destroy both aspects of the diseased individual. Bulimia affects a variety of different people, but generally the victims will fall tend to fall into certain categories. Those at highest vulnerability to this disease are young adult females, ages 12 to 18. The disease, however, can start as early as elementary school, or much later in life. Others (such as athletes competing in sports such as ballet, gymnastics, ice-skating, diving, etc.) may also be pressured into starting bulimic habits. Males who perform in athletics such as wrestling and dance are at high risk for developing the disease as well. Victims of bulimia can often be linked to being victims of verbal, physical, and/or sexual abuse, though not all are. Bulimia may also contain ties to diseases such as clinical or manic depression. Bulimics often start out with anorexa (starvation and excessive exercising), or may turn to anorexia after being bulimic. Bulimia is marked by significant cycles in eating habits. Bulimics will often starve themselves (calorie/food/fat intake restriction -- sometimes with the help of diet pills or supplements) for extended periods of time prior to a massive binge, during which they consume abnormal amounts of food in a short period of time. These binges are followed by purging, which generally is constituted by self-induced vomiting. Other methods of purging the body include the use of diuretics, laxatives, and excessive exercising. Bulimics are generally within what is considered to be a "normal" weight range, but see themselves as being overly fat, or suffer from an intense fear of gaining weight. They often do realize that they have a problem, but by that point the cycle has become an obsession. Bulimics usually weigh themselves frequently, even several times daily.

Bill Gates & Steven Jobs

Bill Gates & Steven Jobs The technology term today is growing rapidly in hi competitor between different companies, and between different company leaders, and in this essay I will compare two famous people in this field. These two famous persons are Bill Gats Steven Jobs . However, Gates and Stevens share some surprising similarities. Some of you may think that because Gates and Jobs work at the same field; which is technology. These two persons are similar because of three main reasons, they have the same characteristic, the same education situation, and the same failed of the job.One major similarity of these two persons is the special characteristics that they have. For example, both Steven Jobs and Bill Gates are intelligent innovative thinkers who have always new things to show and give to the world, and also both of them are known as the best-known entrepreneur of the personal computer revolution in the modern age. Moreover, Bill Gates has this energetic spirit which spread to cover all the people who are surrounding him, and also Steven Job had this special thing which admires the others and encourages them. Therefore, because of these special qualities that they both have they become famous and popular.Another similarity between Gates and Steven is the situation that they both had in their education. They both had been dropped from the college and then they complete studying by their self. Actually, Bill Gates had been dropped from Harvard University because he had some problems in studying in the sophomore year. On the other hand, Steven Jobs had been dropped from Reed University because he had some problems in covering the tuition fees. Moreover, Steven Jobs and Bill Gates have big similarity because of the same field that the both work in which is technology.To illustrate, Steven Jobs worked at Apple, and he is the best known as co- founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. In contrast, Bill Gates is the best known chairman of Microsoft company , and everybody know well that these two companies are the greatest in technology From the information given, we can say that these two persons are the largest contributors of the modern technology revolution. Also, we can infer that there a lot of similarities between them which represented in characteristic, education, and the field of job. Therefore, these people perpetuate their names for their big achievements that they did.